• Wide Local Excision - A surgical procedure that removes the primary melanoma along with a margin of healthy skin to ensure complete excision and reduce the risk of recurrence. The margin width depends on the melanoma’s thickness and depth. It is a cornerstone treatment for localized melanoma.

• Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy - A minimally invasive technique used to determine whether melanoma has spread to nearby lymph nodes. A tracer is injected around the tumor, helping identify the "sentinel" node—the first node likely to be affected. If cancer is found here, further treatment or dissection may follow.

• SCC (Squamous cell Carcinoma) - A type of skin cancer arising from the keratinizing cells of the epidermis. It has a higher potential for local invasion and distant spread than BCC. Treatment often involves surgical excision, with attention to potential lymphatic involvement in high-risk cases.

• BCC (Basal Cell Carcinoma) - The most common and least aggressive skin cancer, originating from the basal layer of the epidermis. BCC very rarely metastasizes but can cause significant local tissue destruction. Nodular types often require surgical excision.

• Parotidectomy - A surgical removal of part or all of the parotid gland, typically performed when metastatic skin cancer (like SCC) has spread to the gland via lymphatic drainage. It often includes facial nerve preservation and may accompany neck dissection in extensive disease.

• Groin Dissection - A surgical procedure that removes lymph nodes from the inguinal region, commonly performed when lower-body skin cancers (e.g., melanoma or SCC of the leg or lower trunk) have metastasized. It carries a risk of lymphoedema but is essential for staging and control.

• Axillary Dissection - Surgical removal of lymph nodes from the armpit region, used when skin cancer (typically melanoma or SCC) on the trunk or upper limb spreads to axillary nodes. It's important for staging and local disease control, but it can result in arm swelling or limited mobility.

(When appropriate)

• Liquid Nitrogen - A non-surgical, localized treatment that freezes and destroys superficial skin lesions such as actinic keratoses, superficial BCCs, and in situ SCC (Bowen’s disease). It’s not used for invasive, nodular lesions, or pigmented benign lesions due to limited depth penetration.

• Aldara (Imiquimod) - A topical immune-response modifier used to treat superficial BCC, actinic keratoses, and in some cases superficial SCC in situ. It stimulates the immune system to attack abnormal skin cells but is unsuitable for invasive or nodular cancers.

• Efudix (Fluorouracil/5-FU) - A topical chemotherapy cream used to treat precancerous lesions (e.g., actinic keratoses) and superficial skin cancers like SCC in situ. It targets rapidly dividing cells, causing visible skin reactions during treatment. Not effective for invasive or nodular disease.